This book provides an overview of the ancient world, particularly the constitutions, commerce, and colonies of the states of antiquity. The book is divided into four sections, each of which covers a different period of ancient history. Section I provides a general geographical outline of Asia and Africa and discusses the ancient kingdoms that existed before the reign of Cyrus. These kingdoms include the Assyrian, Median, Babylonian, and Phoenician monarchies, as well as various states in Asia Minor, Syria, and the Jewish states. Section II covers the history of the Persian Empire from 560-330 BCE, including the reigns of Cyrus, Cambyses, and Darius. Section III focuses on the history of the Greek states, including Sparta, Athens, and various smaller states in the Peloponnesus, Central Greece, Northern Greece, and the Greek Islands. It also covers the history of Greek colonies in various regions, including Asia Minor, Thrace, Macedonia, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Gaul, Spain, and Africa. Section IV discusses the history of the Macedonian Empire, including the reigns of Philip II and Alexander the Great, as well as the successor states that emerged after Alexander's death.