'Crowds: A Moving-Picture of Democracy' is a non-fiction book written by Gerald Stanley Lee. In it, he argues that media can be used to develop a more cohesive polity. When the book was first released, Lee wrote in a letter to Theodore Roosevelt that he hoped that it would be "the text-book of the Progressive Movement". According to Russ Castronovo, who calls 'Crowds' a "crazy sort of book", the book argues for modern mass media as tools for democracy because they prioritize the present and thereby fuel modernization.